Lecture No. 20 November 8, 2012
Old gentlemans gentleman Case-Study States: Indus vale
I.Pre-State Background
A.Homo erectus on Pothohar Plateau (near Islamabad) Used Acheulian hand axes and cleavers during the Middle Pleistocene
B.Analysis of mtDNA dates the immigration of Homo sapiens second Asia to 70,000 to 50,000 years ago
C.Cave sites in Sri Lanka yielded the earliest prove of modern Homo sapiens in South Asia. They were go out to 34,000 years ago
D.Neolithic well established by 7000 BC; wheat in the west and rice in the east
II.Mehrgarh: wee farming villageca. 7-5.5k BCwith houses built with mud bricks
A.The scientific journal Nature (04/06) announced the oldest (first early Neolithic) proof for the boring of teeth in a living someone was form in Mehrgarh
B.Residents stored grainbarley, einkorn & antiophthalmic factor; emmer wheatas well as dates & jujubes in granaries & herded sheep, goats, & cattle
C.The scientific journal Nature (04/06) announced the oldest (first early Neolithic) evidence for the drilling of teeth in a living person was found in Mehrgarh
III. The Indus Valley extends along the course of the Indus River
A.A place with rich agricultural lands
B.
It covers much of modern Pakistan and the cutch and Gujarat provinces of India
IV.The earliest evidence for extensive settlement in the Indus Valley comes from the Pre-Harappan period (3300-2600 BC)
A.Sites from this period include large, fortified towns
B.It is unclear whether the fortress walls were for defense against invaders or protection against river floods
V.Harappan Period (2600-1900 BC): Urban centers true in the Indus Valley
A.Harappan civilization extended across the entire Indus Valley
B. patronage networks connected the Harappans to the Arabian Peninsula, Mesopotamia, Iran, and Afghanistan
C.Most Harappan settlements were small villages
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