Criminology Essays Fingerprints Science Crime

Criminology Essays Fingerprints comprehension CrimeFingerprints Science CrimeDiscuss the importance of reproduces within forensic cognizance citing appropriate examplesFingerprints hasten al vogues been a form of identification. This is credibly the reason why fingerprints do supplanted close methods of identifying criminals that deny ever being arrested or even committing the offensive activity. Identifying fingerprints has become a science and it to a fault stands give a counseling to humanityy a(prenominal) other forensic sciences ( www.onin.com).The science of fingerprints, has helped many goverments around the world, presenting them with pay dis perceivey of criminals (www.onin.com). There argon millions of people on this planet and neer have 2 fingerprints been found that argon a wish within homo and automated computer comparisons (www.onin.com).No 2 humans have the akin finger, palm or footprint. These parts of the human body have ext lay offs that are cons tantly broken up by endings or forks, these are called characteristics (www.south-wales.police.uk). either person has unique distributions of the characteristics that build up in womb and finished out life in general, these characteristics stay the uniform for a snip after death too so it makes identifying a body deally (www.south-wales.police.uk).People have often tried to alter their fingerprints with different methods like courseting their fingerprints, burning the scratch with acid but that doesnt use because, superficial skin damage is repaired by the body so the same ridgelinelines come back with the new skin that forms (www.south-wales.police.uk).Fingerprints are formed by our skin and our skin is do out of twain layers, dermis and shell (www.south-wales.police.uk). The epidermis is a thin layer and it is a protective cover of the dermis which is the thicker layer of skin that contains sweat and sebaceous glands (www.south-wales.police.uk).Now a sweat gland, consi sts of salt, water and urea and the sebaceous gland releases oils on the skin surface (www.south-wales.police.uk). When we come in contact with something, we leave a jell because of the products that are produced by the glands, resulting in a fingerprint mark (www.south-wales.police.uk). When our fingers are dirty or even oily, then our fingerprints arsehole be clear (www.south-wales.police.uk).When going to a crime scene, you often stumble upon fingerprints. Fingerprints, are actually valuable rise when identifying a untrusting. If the prints are in term, you can genuinely easily identify the hand or finger of origin. Unfortunately, fingerprints collected at a crime scene are rarely in sequence and customarily incomplete as a consequence, it is in truth difficult to define which hand left the print. So these types of fingerprints are called potential fingerprints (www.south-wales.police.uk). Now latent fingerprints can be left on all surfaces including skin and on that p oint are different ways to detect and make them seeable like different powders, alternate lights and lasers (www.south-wales.police.uk).There are more than types of prints like visible prints, that are also referred to as patent prints and these prints are apparent to the stark naked eye because they are normally found in blood or something that would make a mold of the print (www.virtualsciencefair.org). When a finger comes in contact with dirt, ink or grease and then the finger touches a smooth surface then in that location is a visible conception of the ridge (www.virtualsciencefair.org).A nonher type of prints are called impressed prints or ductile prints, these prints are basically an indentation that is left in a balmy surface like wax, paint or clay, they are visible prints that you can look at and photograph (www.virtualsciencefair.org).There are different simulate fingerprints, unity of these is called Arches (www.virtualsciencefair.org). 5 % of fingerprint variet ys are arches, the ridges of the skin go from look to side without making a backward give up (www.virtualsciencefair.org).Normally, there is no delta in an arch outline but where there a delta, no re-curving ridge must interfere among the core and delta points (www.virtualsciencefair.org). Even with in praxiss, there are pattern, there are four kinds of arch patterns plain arches, radial-ply tire arches, ulnar arches and tented arches (www.virtualsciencefair.org). Plain arches have an smooth run of ridges from unrivaled discipline to the other of the outline, no major up thrusts and the ridges go into on wizard part of the impression, and run out the other with a increase or wave in the middle (www.virtualsciencefair.org).The ridges of radial arches incline towards the flip over they have one delta and no re-curving ridges (www.virtualsciencefair.org). On ulnar arches, the ridges incline towards the small finger, they also have one delta and no re-curving ridges (www.virtual sciencefair.org). Tented arches have an angle, an up thrust, or ii of the three basic characteristics of the kink. They dont flow the same way that plain arches do and above all have significant up thrusts in the ridges near the middle that position themselves on both sides of a spine towards which the bordering ridges meet and come out to form tents (www.virtualsciencefair.org).Another fingerprint pattern are the Loops, they occur in about 60-70 % of the fingerprint patterns encountered (www.virtualsciencefair.org). The ridge enters on either side of the impression, re-curve, and touches or crosses the line that forms from the delta to the core and finishes on or in the course of the side where the ridge or ridges entered (www.virtualsciencefair.org). each(prenominal) lace outline has one delta and one core and has a ridge count (www.virtualsciencefair.org). Radial loops are named after the spoke, a bone in the fortify that joins the hand on the same side as the thumb (www.vi rtualsciencefair.org). The run of the pattern in radial loops runs in the route of the radius (toward the thumb) (www.virtualsciencefair.org).Radial loops are not very frequent and on most occasions radial loops will be found on the major power fingers (www.virtualsciencefair.org). Ulnar loops are named after the ulna, a bone in the forearm (www.virtualsciencefair.org). The ulna is on the same side as the little finger and the flow of the pattern in a ulnar loop runs in the direction of the ulna (toward the little finger) (www.virtualsciencefair.org).Whorls are found in about 25-35 % of fingerprint patterns dealt with (www.virtualsciencefair.org). In a whorl, some of the ridges make a turn through at least one circuit (www.virtualsciencefair.org). Any fingerprint outline that has 2 or more deltas is considered a whorl pattern (www.virtualsciencefair.org). There are four types of whorl patterns, Plain whorls that have of one or more ridges which make a complete circuit with ii delt as, and causes an imaginary line drawn and at least one re-curving ridge within the inner outline area is cut or affected (www.virtualsciencefair.org).Central pocket loop whorls have at least one re-curving ridge or an obstruction at right angles to the line of flow, with deuce deltas, between which when an imaginary line is drawn, no re-curving ridge within the pattern area is cut or touched (www.virtualsciencefair.org). Central pocket loop whorl ridges make one complete circuit which may be spiral, oval, circular or any variant of a circle (www.virtualsciencefair.org). icon loop whorls are made of two separate and individual loop formations with two different and distinct shoulders for each core, two deltas and one or more ridges which make, a complete circuit (www.virtualsciencefair.org). Among the two at least one re-curving ridge within the inner pattern area is cut when an imaginary line is drawn (www.virtualsciencefair.org). Accidental whorls are made of two dissimilar types of patterns with the exclusion of the plain arch, they have two or more deltas or a pattern which have some of the requirements for two or more different types (www.virtualsciencefair.org).Crime scene fingerprints need to be matched with fingerprints already in a file, if the suspect has never been convicted, then his fingerprints will not have been recorded so they cant compare them (www.south-wales.police.uk). For this reason, when a suspect is charged, they get fingerprinted and if there are 16 points of similarity with the prints at the crime scene it can be presented in court as evidence (www.south-wales.police.uk).Serious issues of fingerprint fraud have started to come to light many people have been facing jail time because they have told them that their fingerprints have been found at a crime scene.In 2004 Brandon Mayfield was wrongly charge for the terrorist act in Madrid. They told him that his fingerprints were found on a explosives bag that was utilise to bomb a train in Madrid which resulted in the passing play of 191 lives (www.news.bbc.co.uk). This news was shocking since the prime suspect hadnt left the rural in 10 years and that he had never visited Spain (www.news.bbc.co.uk).The suspect was at the time 38 years old and served 8 years in the military army (www.news.bbc.co.uk). He lived in Portland Oregon U.S.A (www.news.bbc.co.uk).He had never been arrested until the day the F.B.I showed up at his house and took him away (www.news.bbc.co.uk). At the end of this, it was proven that the fingerprint did not belong to Mayfield but to an Algerian man said to have been linked to al-Qaeda (www.news.bbc.co.uk).Fingerprints within forensic science is very important even thought there is a very big debate on whether or not it is the right way to go about crime scenes. We have seen the different types of fingerprints, what they are made from, we have gone through a case where fingerprints where not unattackable evidence and put an innocent man in pr ison for a while. So with this I conclude that fingerprints are important the art of fingerprints exactly needs to be perfect so that the real criminals get what they deserve.References Hodierne, R. (2004) force lawyers defend civil liberties on line. available from http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4066775.stm Accessed on 15 November 2007Available from http//www.south-wales.police.uk/fe/master.asp?n1=8n2=253n3=1028 Accessed on 13 November 2007Moore, G. History of fingerprints on line. Available from http//www.onin.com/fp/fphistory.html Accessed 15 November 2007Available from http//www.virtualsciencefair.org/2004/fren4j0/public_html/types_prints.htm Accessed 12 November 2007Inderjit Singh, P.K. Chattopadhyay and R.K. Garg.(1995). Forensic Science International sight 152, Issues 2-3, 10 September 2005, Pages 205-208