Biological influences on gender Essay

First 40 days later conception, embryos stand by around in the same musical mode and claim fe mannish person and manly human body If ovum is fertilised by a spermatozoon carrying an different X chromosome, the gonads articulate into ovaries.The anthropoid elements of haoma disintegrate the fe masculine person ones modify and grow into a womb. The external inning develops into female genitalia. If the ovum is fertilised by a sperm carrying a Y chromosome, the gonads cells transfigure into testes. The male internal organs develop and the female organs disintegrate. External male genitalia develop. All human embryos would develop into females unless(prenominal) they argon masculinised by the Y chromosome. Hormones subsequently the excite chromosomes, the hormones provide the main biological influences on tripual assortediation. Males and females produce androgens The male hormone is testosterone The female hormones are oestrogen and progesterone Hormone levels slew be taken as a note of masculinisation and feminisation Under/oer exposure to hormones during the overcritical level (6 to 8 hebdomads) can affect later sexuality related behavior sons capable to to a fault little testosterone whitethorn become less masculine and girls exposed to large amounts of testosterone whitethorn be to a greater extent masculine.Hormones from the gonads influence the instruction of genitalia, the hotshot and sexuality behavior. By week 8 of gestation, the gonads are producing hormones.It is hard to point hormonal influences on demeanor beca consumption in that location are other influences that affect our behaviour such as the nature, nurture reflect Brain contrasts Clear differences can be nominate in the reason federal agency of adult men and women, particularly the scarper and anatomy of the hypothalamus, these difference however are not found in squirtren chthonic 6 forms old thousand (1995) states that testosterone may affect other h ead structures such as those which influence hostile behaviour, no direct certainty has been foundThe degree of lateralisation in male and female brains is another difference. The left hemisphere curtails speech and language while the sound hemisphere retards spatial skills with information world passed in the midst of hemispheres through the corpus coliseum. Shaywitz & separate A Shaywitx (1995) used MRI scans to examine the brain whilst men and women carried out language tasks. entrap that women used both hemispheres o the brain whereas men used the left hemisphere studies that support, with military rating pointsThere are 4 sources of tell apart to assess the join between biology and sexual practice behaviour physical studies, case look at research, correlating hormone levels and sexual practice behaviour. animal studies young (1966) studied rats, a species where male and females come on real different sexual behaviours males mount from bum and females submi t the lordosis position (back arched, head low) gave doses of male hormones to female rats and vice versa during critical period found that they showed reverse behaviours, males adopted the lordosis position and females attempted to mount from behind supports the idea that hormones are responsible for decision making male/female mating behaviour Animal studies military rating points The issue of the use of animals in research, is it ethical? wrong to it is ethically wrong to inflict such mindless suffering upon any living creature. all animals are so dissimilar to us that we cannot logically apply the results of animal tests to humans, or they are so similar that it is unethical to test upon them cannot apply to humans and dissemble generalisation because he anatomy of a rat is very different to the anatomy of a human.Cannot assume that humans would show the same results. There is no sort to really know because it would be super unethical to manipulate hormones into humans during the critical period. we have to use case studies, homogeneous the young study, and wait for them to occur course +supports biological approach, shows that hormones are responsible for sexual activity behaviour +it is a lab experiment, which way that there is bandings of control and variables can be controlled, it also means that it is very reliable as it is a scientific experiment.. + which lead on to the accompaniment that the experiment is replicable, not a lot is needed to carry out the experiment, muchover rats an hormones then all that you need to do s observe the rats Case study researchMoney & international ampere Erhardt (1972)1 sister was exposed to male hormones in utero compare to sister who was not have was asked to comment on games played, toys used and fit out choices exposed girl = youthful girls, high IQ and career aspirations follow up in 1974 showed unaccompanied one difference in girls is that the exposed girl was more physically active Money an d Erhardt evaluation points Many of the questions asked were leading questions which of your daughters is the most unwomanly?, the researchers may have used these to get a particular type of dissolving agent follow up study in 1974 found only one difference, that the exposed girls were more physically active + intrinsic experiment, ethical, high ecological severeness+ supports biological approach, although there is not steadfast evidence there still is evidence to show that there is a link between biology and sexual activity behaviour because the mother was told that her child is going to be more interested in boyish activities, she could have unintentionally encouraged more boyish behaviours onto her daughter Hines (1984)3- 8 year old boys and girls with congenital adrenal hypersia (CAH) examined the amount of rough and tumble play compared them to an untouched control groupfound kid difference between CAH girls and control group girls CAH girls preferred playing with bo ys in 2004, compared 25 men and women who had CAH with their untouched relatives both groups asked to come back back and recall childhood sex fibre behaviour women with CAH recalled more boy related behaviours boys with CAH were no different to their unaffected male relativesHines evaluation points + indispensable experiment, nix was forced + used a control group, shows comparison+used both males and females, no sexual activity bias +ethical. because it is natural experiment -lacks population validity, does not asseverate how many ppts in 1994 study and only 25 ppts in 2004 study -ignores environmental factors influencing behaviours, such as sibling and mathematical function models -showed only limited evidence financial support the biological approach correlating hormone levels and sex activity behaviour in normal populationsDeady et al looked at relationship between grammatical gender role orientation an testosterone levels in child free young women asked ppts to compl ete SRI and asked how brooding they felt and ideal age for having inaugural child found women with high salivary levels of testosterone tended to have lower scores relating to the impulse to have children lower maternal drives may be related to higher levels of male hormones Deady et al evaluation pointsOnly shows a link, no cause and effect + fair game measure.. unbiased measurement/analysis, in that you measure what is there and not impacted by your beliefs or philosophy of somethingthat is for essential measurement/analysis. The boy who was increase as a girlBruce and Brian, fit born(p) in 1965at 6 months old, the twins were circumcisedBruces operation was botched and his phallus was all but burnt out went to Dr. John Money (who firmly believed gender was learnt) money advised that Bruces genus Phallus be removed so that he looked like a girl, and be raised as Brenda Brian the identical twin was the controlBrenda received female hormone treatments later being told the truth, Brenda instantly reverted to his true sex Boy who was raised as a girl evaluation points+ Biological sex is the primary factor contributing to a sense of gender.Even when he though that he was a girl he still felt like he was the wrong gender, without even knowing that he was biologically male. + Case study, lots of information, little account, valid +supports that nature, nurture doesnt have as much control evaluation of the role of genes and hormones +scientific approach to gender, gender -> biology -> science -> objective, sex/gender is the same +implications on real liveness situations, e.g. Olympics- compete with the gender that you identify with, transmissible sex no longer delimits gender +makes sense, we inherit other features such as hair and eye colour, why not gender features + lots of financial backing evidence1. animal studies2. case studies say how it supports-> +&- of studies 3. correlation studies4. boy who was raised as a girllots of supporti ng evidence, cannot generalisetoo deterministic gender= determined by your genesignores other factors that determine gender role behaviour e.g. role models, siblings, media, education reductionist, reducing behaviour go across to genes, hormones and genes (biology) nurture, transgender, supports nurture behaviourist approach, gender is learnt other approaches, Freud, psychosexual stages