Ap Global Midterm Review

ball-shaped Midterm review * Changes to map of atomic number 63 after WWI/WWII- advanced-fashioned countries organize afterward WWI Only two completely new countries in atomic number 63 were formed after WW1 Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia. Poland, which had been wiped off the map in 1795, was revived. The Baltic republics Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania assert their indep terminateence. Romania doubled in size. after(prenominal) WWII To a great extent, no new countries were formed after creation War II. Most of these changes occurred in the due east.Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia, barely just winning indep wipeoutence after WWI were erased as independent states and became disrupt of the Soviet marriage. Polands borders were moved east struggled to include only the corridor from before the war just also parts of East Prussia, Pomerania, and Silesia, though they also addled the eastern parts of their country to the Soviet Union. Austria and Czechoslovakia, states created b y the end of WWI but annexed to Nazi Germany in the 1930s reappeared, though Czechoslovakia was firmly chthonic Soviet domination and the Austrians were forced to remain neutral during the growing stale War.In europium the only country divided was Germany. * Conservatism in western goernance Conservatives, such as Austrias Prince Klemens von Metternich, were bent on maintaining the sanctity of tralatitious policy-making institutions, particularly the monarchy. It was also their goal to maintain a counterweight of power in Europe in order to ensure a permanent peace. * Welfare state Welfare State and Consumer Society A. The motives for the public assistance state 1. protection against depression and policy-making extremism 2. the argument for social arbitrator B.Features of the welfare state 1. support from cradle to grave 2. educational and ethnic opportunities C. The growth of consumer society 1. a new standard of living 2. materialism and hedonism 3. the end of public vivification? * Nuclear umbrella Nuclear umbrella refers to a guarantee by a nuclear weapons state to conduct a non-nuclear allied state. * Germany after World War II At the end of the war, Germany was basically divided into 4 sections, each one under the learn of one of the Allied powers The United States, England, France, and Russia.Berlin was divided as well. After a period of building and reorganization, the sections under the control of the United States, England, and France were returned to the control of the German government. Russia retained control over its section and brought it under the sight of the newly formed USSR. This resulted in the Berlin Wall, and the separate countries of East Germany and West Germany. interest the fall of communism and the breakup of the USSR in the 1980s, Germany reunified. * Marshall plan Proposed to rebuild the continent in the interest of political stability and a kempt world delivery * viewed as a vehicle for American stinting domi nance * Iron Curtain * a term coined by Winston Churchill to secern the boundary that separated the Warsaw Pact countries from the NATO countries from about 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991 * was both a physical and an ideological persona that represented the way Europe was viewed after World War II * Soviet control over Eastern Europe Between 1945 and 1949 Stalin created a Russian empire in Eastern Europe.This empire included Poland, Hungary, Rumania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and East Germany. Each had a Communist government. In the West they were called satellites because they clung closely to the Soviet Union like satellites round a planet. Stalin was able to create this empire for a number of reasons. The first was the host might of the Soviet Union in Europe after 1945. An opposite reason for the dispel of socialism after the war was the gratitude of many Eastern Europeans for their liberation from Nazism.This, and the often-appalling conditions at the end of the war, played into the hands of east European communist parties, which were, of course, backed by Stalin and the Soviet Union. * De resolution after World War II After WWII Europe tried to reassert its colonial dominance over Africa and the far East. At the same time national movements grew strong in those colonies. Europe soon realized that they would be unable to physically control the colonies without grand military occupation forces.This was impossible both in economic and political terms. As a result the colonial powers began a staged backdown of physical control but maintained economic ties. While these new countries were independent their formal colonial masters still had much control over the country. * Impact of World War II on international spate The conclusion of World War II spurred efforts to correct the problems stemming from protectionism, which had increased since 1871, and craft restrictions, which had been imposed between World Wars I and II.The resulting multila teral trade agreements and new(prenominal) forms of international economic cooperation led to the General Agreement on Tariffs and merchandise (GATT) and laid the foundation for the World Trade Organization (WTO). * Impact of World War II on noncombatant population -One of the most criminal impacts that war has on civilians is the frequent removal of their basic human rights -Huge civilian casualties on front line and bombing attacks -gave people the physiological trust to be fall down as powerful as Hitler did * Consequences of industrialization in the 1800s people migration of people from the land to the cities. -Massive building of below standard accommodation, built twopenny-halfpennyly, to conciliate them -Massive increase in childhood mortality due to injuries at work, cruelty, the spread of disease, rat population increase, alcohol use and casual neglect of children due to both parents working. -Expansion of the coal industry to include women and children working down the mines. -Exploitation of cheap child labor -Poor diet due to low wages and the disclose of the agricultural economy due to lack of laborers -Slavery in the UK to plug the gaps of absentminded workers War with France had been ongoing from the late 18th century and was a bulky drain on the economy. -The start of the National Debt to pay for the war and the first appearance of tax revenuees on booze, tobacco etc. -Explosion in smuggling to counteract the tax increases. * NATO/Warsaw Pact NATO- North Atlantic Trade Organization -led by US maintain adequate military strength and political accordance to deter aggression and other forms of military or political instancy aimed at a relaxation of tensions between East and West a policy based to a large extent on oecumenical military strength.Warsaw Pact -led by USSR a military treaty, which bound its signatories to come to the aid of the others, should any one of them be the victim of overseas aggression. * relative of Vienna The Congress of Vienna was convened in 1815 by the four European powers, which had defeated Napoleon. The first goal was to establish a new relief of power in Europe, which would nix imperialism within Europe, such as the Napoleonic Empire,and maintain the peace between the great powers.The second goal was to prevent political revolutions, such as the French Revolution, and maintain the status quo. * policy-making ideologies Conservatives Liberals socialist radicals Conservatism * a political and social philosophy that promotes retaining traditionalistic social institutions Liberalism * a political ideology, a branch of liberalism which advocates civil liberties and political freedom with limited government under the rule of law and mostly promotes a laissez-faire economic policy Socialism an economic administration characterized by social ownership of the means of production and co-operative management of the economy Radicalism * sought republicanism, abolition of titles, red istribution of property and freedom of the press * Demographic renewing after industrialization * dramatic changes in population growth and life expectancy driven by changes in the underlying factors that explain them mellowness increased and mortality decreased * Karl Marx father of socialism and communism Marxs ideas were that of saturated equality.He wanted a world where everyone was equal. His theories, while impractical because of the nature of man, were sincerely good. His ultimate goal was to eradicate poverty. * Opium war example of resistor to imperialism * Motives For Imperialism 1. ) Economic motives included the craving to make money, to expand and control foreign trade, to create new markets for products, to acquire raw materials and cheap labor, to compete for investments and resources, and to export industrial technology and transportation methods. . ) Political- motives were based on a nations desire to gain power, to compete with other European countries, to expand territory, to exercise military force, to gain prestige by winning colonies, and to boost national experience and security. 3. ) Religious- motives included the desire to spread Christianity, to protect European missionaries in other lands, to spread European values and moral beliefs, to educate peoples of other cultures, and to end slave trade in Africa. 4. Exploratory- motives were based on the desire to look unknown or uncharted territory, to conduct scientific research, to conduct checkup searches for the causes and treatment of diseases, to go on an adventure, and to investigate unknown lands and cultures. * Impact of imperialism/colonization * large numbers of people were forced into slavery or the remains of indentured laborers, and vast areas of natural habitats were cleared and converted to monocultural plantations. * the export of westerly values resource exploitation, consumerism and materialism to the colonies